Education, Master Class, Master Class 2000/2001, Detailed Course Content

Detailed Contents of the Courses
1st Semester


Introduction to Mathematical Finance

In this course an introduction will be given to the fundamental economic and financial principles which form the corner stone of modern financial theory. In the first half of the course the modelling, pricing and hedging of derivative contracts will be treated using partial differential equation methods. Special emphasis will be given to the analysis of American-style options. In the second part of the course, martingale methods will be used to give a concise yet thorough introduction to the economical theory of pricing in discrete time models, and especially to the pricing theory for contingent claims.

Lecturers: Prof.dr. Arun Bagchi and Dr. Michel Vellekoop (Twente)

Course Material:
Kwok, Y.K., "Mathematical Methods of Financial Derivates", Springer, 1998.
Bingham, N.H. & Kiesel, R., "Risk-Neutral Valuation: Pricing and hedging of Financial Derivates", Springer, 1998.


Interest Rate Models

An important part of the applications of mathematics in finance deals with the modelling, analysis and implementation issues of interest rate models. The goal of this course is twofold:

  • First, to introduce the most important models for the term structure of interest rates, and the pricing methods for the corresponding interest rate derivates, and
  • Secondly, to treat both the theory and practical aspects involved in the numerical implementation of mathematical models in finance.

Key concepts include: Coupon Bonds, Caps and Floors, Swaps, Short Rate Models (Vasicek, Ho-Lee, CIR, Hull-White), Forward Rate models and the Heath-Jarrow-Morton equation.

Lecturers: Prof.dr. Arun Bagchi and Dr. Michel Vellekoop (Twente)

Course Material:
Björk, T., "Arbitrage Theory in Continuous Time", Oxford University Press, 1998.
Hull, J., Options, Futures and other Derivates", Prentice Hall, 1997.


Measure, Probability and Martingales

In this course we will first lay the measure-theoretic foundations of probability theory. Concepts such as events, probability, random variable, expectation, conditional probability, will be put on a firm axiomatic ground. We will then study martingales, a type of stochastic processes originally invented asmodels for fair games and presently of great importance in mathematical finance. The main cornerstone of discrete-parameter martingale theory, such as optional sampling, martingale transforms, stopping times and convergence result, will be presented, along with a number of examples and applications.

Lecturer: Herold G. Dehling (Groningen)

Course material:
Williams, D., Probability with martingales, Cambridge University Press, 1991.
Dehling, H.G., Maattheorie en Waarschijnlijkheidsrekening, Lecture Notes, University of Groningen.
Dehling, H.G., Martingales, Lecture Notes, University of Groningen.


Financial Time Series Analysis

Financial data such as prices of risky assets (share prices, stock indices, exchange rates) are time series. The analysis of financial time series is grounded on the same theoretical bases as general time series analysis. Therefore a large part of the course will be devoted to the analysis of general time series. We first consider standard models (stationary processes, ARMA (autoregressive moving average) processes) and study their dependence structure in terms of the autocorrelations and autocovariances as well as their periodic behavior in terms of their spectral distribution. Then special attention is given to standard financial time series models, including the ARCH (autoregressive conditionally heteroscedastic) processes and the stochastic volatility models. The latter two classes of processes are most popular in applications. The statistical analysis of such processes (fitting of models, estimation of parameters and order) and their prediction are addressed. In addition to these topics of classical time series an introduction to the extremal behavior of time series is given. The theory is illustrated by examplesd of simulated and real-life data.

Lecturer: T. Mikosch (Groningen)

Course material:
Brockwell, P.J. and Davis, R.A., Times Series: Theory and Methods, 2nd edition, Springer, New York (1991)
Brockwell, P.J. and Davis, R.A., Introduction to Time Series and Forecasting, Springer, New York (1996)
Campbell, J.Y., Lo, A.W. and MacKinlay, A.C., Princeton University Press, Princeton NJ.

Stochastic Calculus

Stochastic calculus is based on the 'stochastic integral' of It\^{o}, in which integration is defined w.r.t. a stochastic process (e.g. Brownian motion). This leads, in a somewhat surprising way, to a new type of differential calculus. With the help of this calculus, stochastic differential equations can be solved. Many stochastic processes satisfy such equations. Examples are: diffusion processes (in physics and chemistry), electronic signals with noise, transport and queueing systems, stock market and options, insurance policies. The course develops the basic theory and describes some applications.

Lecturer: M. Loewe

References:
Chung, K.L. and Williams, R.J.Introduction to Stochastic Integration , 2nd edition, Birkhauser, Boston (1990)